These products are used to keep the separate phases from touching. This material can have an adhesive or have a light mica dusting to keep it from sticking to itself. Phase insulation can be paper type products similar to what is used in the slots, or it can be varnish class cloth, also known as thermal H material. Phase insulation is used to protect these phases from each other. The end turns or coil heads are the areas at the motor's ends where the magnet wire comes out of the slot and re-enters the slot. When winding motors that are three-phases, the winding must be separated on end turns as coils are placed. Some of the primary voltages used in three-phase electrical apparatus machines are 208v, 220v, 460v, 575v, 950v, 2300v, 4160v, 7.5kv, and 13.8kv. In three-phase or polyphase motors, all of the wires have power. One of the wires has power running through it, and the other serves to ground the system. These are just two of the many different voltages used in the electrical apparatus industry. Both voltages coming into a home are single phase. The residential standard for voltage is 125 Volts, while 220 Volts is the voltage of many household dryers. The next step in this process is the insulation of the phases. A grounded motor needs to be stripped and rebuilt to be used again. A winding of the copper would ground the system, and it will short out. If the copper magnet wire encounters the metal, the copper will ground the circuit. The purpose of this slot and wedge combination is to keep the copper from touching the metal and hold it in place. Each end of a coil is inserted in a slot wedges are placed along the top of the magnet wire to insulate the slot's top from the magnet wire. Once all the slots are insulated, the coils can be placed. This prepares a space for the magnet wire to be placed. A paper type product such as Nomex, NMN, DMD, TufQUIN, or Elan-Film is cut to the appropriate width and length and inserted as insulation into the slot. The stamped steel stator has slots where the magnet wire and insulation are inserted, commonly referred to as slot insulation. That stator core is then press-fit into a casting or housing made of aluminum or rolled steel. Most electric motors are made up of stacked layers of stamped steel that create the motor's stationary core.
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